Revista de Investigaciones Altoandinas - Journal of High Andean Research

Vol. 25 Núm. 3 (2023)
Artículo original

Regiones Altoandinas y su vulnerabilidad socioeconómica: caso zona urbana de Puno

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  • Nancy Zevallos
Nancy Zevallos
Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno, Perú | Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Perú

Publicado 2023-08-08

Palabras clave

  • Exposición, resiliencia, Proceso Analítico Jerárquico, evaluación de la vulnerabilidad

Cómo citar

Zevallos, N. (2023). Regiones Altoandinas y su vulnerabilidad socioeconómica: caso zona urbana de Puno. Revista De Investigaciones Altoandinas - Journal of High Andean Research, 25(3), 179-189. https://doi.org/10.18271/ria.2023.543

Resumen

En los últimos tiempos se han incrementado los riesgos de desastres causados por eventos naturales a consecuencia del cambio climático. La magnitud de un desastre a consecuencia del impacto de un peligro natural sobre un sistema humano depende no solo del tipo e intensidad del peligro, depende también de las condiciones socioeconómicas de la comunidad. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el nivel de vulnerabilidad socioeconómica a los desastres naturales en la zona urbana de la ciudad de Puno, región altoandina del sur del Perú. Esto se logró mediante el uso de la técnica del Proceso Analítico Jerárquico (AHP) en combinación con los sistemas de información geográfica (SIG). Se realizó un cuestionario semiestructurado a una muestra aleatoria de 256 personas. Se recopiló datos de vulnerabilidad a cinco tipos distintos de peligros a los cuales está expuesto la población: inundaciones, erosión, caída de rocas, deslizamientos y suelos inestables. Se trabajó con catorce indicadores en las dimensiones de exposición, fragilidad y resiliencia. Como resultado se obtiene un mapa de vulnerabilidad socioeconómica, mostrando niveles de vulnerabilidad correspondiente a una alta y muy alta vulnerabilidad de las zonas periféricas de la zona de estudio. Los hallazgos de esta investigación serán útiles para que los encargados de la formulación de políticas en gestión de riesgo de desastres tomen decisiones informadas para reducir la vulnerabilidad e incrementar de la resiliencia de la población altoandina de Puno.

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