Efectos en los ecosistemas por presencia de metales pesados en la actividad minera de pequeña escala en Puno
Publicado 2022-08-25
Palabras clave
- Calidad de agua, impacto ambiental, industria minera, mercurio
Cómo citar
Resumen
La minería de pequeña escala crece cada vez con mayor número de operadores en diferentes partes de mundo. La región Puno, en Perú, no escapa a esta tendencia; colateralmente los impactos negativos en los ecosistemas son cada vez mayores. El objetivo del estudio es determinar la presencia de metales pesados producidos por la actividad minera artesanal en las provincias de Sandia, Carabaya y San Antonio de Putina. Se tomaron siete muestras puntuales de agua próximas a las operaciones de las tres provincias, muestras que fueron evaluadas en un equipo de espectrometría de plasma (ICP); y diez muestras en el centro poblado de La Rinconada analizadas en un equipo Milestone DM 80 exclusivo para análisis de mercurio. En el primer grupo se presentaron aluminio (Al) en rangos de 7,79 hasta 66,2 mg/L; cromo (Cr) con una muestra con 0,12 mg/L; hierro (Fe) con rangos de 36,1 a 280 mg/L; mercurio (Hg) con rangos de 0,0158 a 0,1301 mg/L; manganeso (Mn) variando de 0,4004 a 6,5092 mg/L y níquel (Ni) con valores entre 0,2278 y 1,2148 mg/L. De seis muestras cinco presentan metales que superan los estándares de calidad ambiental para riego y bebida de animales. En La Rinconada, donde operan más de 400 contratistas que conviven con alrededor de 30,000 personas, los análisis arrojaron resultados que varían entre 0,0013 y 0,0188 mg/l para mercurio, superiores a los permisibles de acuerdo con la norma nacional e internacional.
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