Confort térmico en una habitación de adobe con sistema de almacenamiento de calor en los Andes del Perú
Publicado 2018-07-27
Palabras clave
- Acumulador térmico,
- calor especifico,
- habitación con confort térmico,
- materiales de construcción de adobe
Cómo citar
Resumen
El objetivo de este trabajo fue la evaluación del confort térmico al interior de la habitación de prueba (HP) de adobe y materiales de la zona alto andina del Perú, como la piedra andesita que es un acumulador de calor. Esta investigación experimental, determinó los valores de la conductividad térmica 0,176 0,149 y 0,118 W/mK para el adobe, yeso y paja. Se efectuó una comparación entre los valores de la conductividad térmica y calor específico, obtenido experimentalmente para los materiales y sistemas utilizados en la construcción de HP con los valores conocidos de materiales específicos como el agua y el aire. El diseño y uso de los materiales en la construcción de la pared, puerta y ventana, permitieron determinar los valores de las conductividades térmicas iguales a 0,061 0,030 y 0,027 W/mK respectivamente, que son similares a la conductividad térmica de un aislante térmico natural como el aire cuyo valor es 0,026 W/mK. La trasferencia de energía calorífica hacia el exterior de la HP, durante 11 horas nocturnas es 0,815 MJ. El acumulador de energía instalado en la HP construido con piedra, guano y madera cuyos valores del calor específico fueron 1235,13 2416,44 y 2212,77 J/kgK respectivamente; comparada con la del agua que es un buen almacenador de energía, representan 29,55; 57,81 y 52,94 % respectivamente. El sistema acumulador de HP almacena energía calorífica equivalente a 8,305 MJ, el excedente de energía calorífica permite que la temperatura al interior de HP durante las épocas de invierno tenga valores medio mayores en 63,83 y 68,83 % a las temperaturas medias de HC y MAC respectivamente.
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