Conexiones geoquímicas entre suelos y sedimentos en la microcuenca de Umayo mediante análisis multivariado y factores de enriquecimiento
Publicado 23-12-2025
Palabras clave
- Contaminación del agua,
- Elementos químicos,
- geoquímica,
- recursos del suelo,
- Sedimentos
Derechos de autor 2025 Dante Aatilio Salas-Ávila, Luis David Lipa-Quispe , Kelly Patricia Huillca-Cruz, Nelson Meier Humalla Lopez , Cristian C Leqque-Valenzuela, Nesareth Fuentes-Mamani, Julio Pedro Quispe Aymachoque , Andrea Susana Vargas Trinidad

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
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Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la contaminación por metales pesados en sedimentos fluviales, lacustres y suelos circundantes a la laguna Umayo, a fin de identificar sus posibles fuentes. Se recolectaron muestras en diferentes puntos, fueron secadas, tamizadas y digeridas ácidamente, y el análisis de metales se realizó mediante espectrometría de emisión óptica con plasma acoplado inductivamente. Se aplicaron el factor de enriquecimiento, análisis de correlación y componentes principales para determinar el grado de contaminación y las asociaciones entre elementos. Los valores más altos se registraron para Hg (hasta 2,35 mg/kg) y Cd (hasta 4,82 mg/kg), superando los niveles permisibles de la normativa canadiense. El EF indicó enriquecimiento significativo a muy alto para Hg y Cd en sedimentos aguas abajo de actividades mineras y lácteas. El PCA agrupó a Hg, Cd y Pb con puntos asociados a fuentes antrópicas, mientras que Cr, Ni y Zn mostraron patrones de origen natural. Estos resultados evidencian un impacto relevante de las actividades humanas en la cuenca, con implicaciones para la gestión ambiental y la calidad del ecosistema lacustre.
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