Revista de Investigaciones Altoandinas - Journal of High Andean Research

Vol. 23 Núm. 4 (2021)
Artículo de revisión

Mecanismos de inducción de rizobios para reducir el estrés por sequía en las leguminosas

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  • Nery Santillana
Nery Santillana
Departamento Académico de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga

Publicado 2021-10-31

Palabras clave

  • Estrés,
  • sequía,
  • Huella plantar,
  • inactivación bacteriana,
  • nitrógeno retenido

Cómo citar

Santillana, N. (2021). Mecanismos de inducción de rizobios para reducir el estrés por sequía en las leguminosas. Revista De Investigaciones Altoandinas - Journal of High Andean Research, 23(4). https://doi.org/10.18271/ria.2021.263

Resumen

La sequía es una de las principales limitaciones de la productividad agrícola y de la seguridad alimentaria en las montañas andinas. El uso de rizobios fijadores de nitrógeno atmosférico en simbiosis con leguminosas, y tolerantes a una amplia gama de condiciones adversas, como la sequía, es un gran potencial en la agricultura sustentable. El objetivo de esta revisión bibliográfica fue recopilar información sobre los mecanismos de inducción de los rizobios para disminuir el estrés por sequía en las leguminosas. La búsqueda de la información se realizó de agosto a diciembre de 2020 utilizando términos clave. Se hace conocer el efecto de la sequía en el proceso de la nodulación y fijación del nitrógeno atmosférico, asimismo, se describe la capacidad de los rizobios para sintetizar exopolisacáridos, enzimas, fitohormonas, sideróforos, osmolitos y solubilizar fosfatos, como mecanismos de inducción para mitigar el estrés por sequía en las leguminosas. La presente revisión servirá para plantear investigaciones futuras utilizando rizobios como estrategia para mitigar el efecto de la sequía en el cultivo de leguminosas principalmente en ecosistemas de   montañas andinas.

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