Co-Digestión de Tres Tipos de Estiércol (Vaca, Cuy y Cerdo) para Obtener Biogás en el Sur del Perú
Publicado 2022-08-25
Palabras clave
- biogás, codigestión, estiércol, metales pesados.
Cómo citar
Resumen
La falta de energía en zonas rurales es un problema que afecta principalmente a los países en vías de desarrollo. Actualmente se buscan alternativas eficientes y sostenibles que solucionen este problema. La presente investigación evaluó la producción volumétrica y composición de biogás de 12 mezclas de tres tipos de sustratos (estiércol de vaca, cerdo y cuy). Los sustratos fueron caracterizados para conocer su porcentaje de humedad, cenizas, materia orgánica, nitrógeno Kjeldahl, relación C/N y metales totales. Luego se evaluó durante 23 días la producción volumétrica de biogás en cada sistema por triplicado y finalmente se analizó la composición del biogás. Los contenidos de materia orgánica, nitrógeno y relación C/N fueron muy similares a los reportados por varios autores; en los tres sustratos se observó la presencia de metales pesados como cobre y níquel. Solo en el estiércol de vaca de observó plomo. Por otro lado, se halló elementos traza que son beneficiosos para la digestión anaerobia, como el selenio en el estiércol de cuy. El sistema que generó mayor volumen de biogás fue el sistema S3, el cual contenía 25% de estiércol de vaca, 25% de estiércol de cerdo y 50 % de estiércol de cuy. Rindió 33.6 ± 0.42% de metano. La producción volumétrica y porcentaje de metano en el biogás se vio afectada directamente por la presencia de metales que inhiben o ralentizan el desarrollo de microorganismos metanogénicos.
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