Extracción y caracterización química del aceite esencial de eucalipto obtenido por microondas y ultrasonido
Publicado 2020-09-04
Palabras clave
- aceite esencial,
- eucaliptol,
- 1,8 cineol,
- microondas libre de solventes,
- ultrasonido
Derechos de autor 2020 Diana Nolazco Cama, Elizabeth Villanueva-Quejia, Beatriz Hatta Sakoda, Lena Téllez Monzón
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Cómo citar
Resumen
La extracción por microondas libre de solventes y la asistencia con ultrasonido, como tecnologías emergentes ofrecen ventajas en la extracción de aceites esenciales, siendo importante la investigación del efecto sobre el rendimiento y la composición del aceite esencial. Se evaluó la influencia de la humedad de las hojas y potencia de extracción sobre el rendimiento del aceite esencial de eucalipto extraído por microondas libre de solventes, y una comparación con la asistencia con ultrasonido. La extracción se realizó por microondas a 300 y 600 watts, a 70, 80 y 90% de humedad en las hojas, seleccionando la potencia que evidenció mayor rendimiento del aceite esencial. Posteriormente, se evaluó el efecto del ultrasonido a 180 watts, 40kHz por 15 minutos sobre el rendimiento y la composición química. Se identificaron los analitos obtenidos por ambos métodos de extracción, mediante cromatografía de gases acoplado a un espectrómetro de masas (CG-EM). El mayor rendimiento (0,55%) se obtuvo a 600 watts y 90% de humedad mediante microondas. La asistencia con ultrasonido incrementó a 0,80% el rendimiento y 17 analitos adicionales en el aceite esencial. Se identificó como componente mayoritario al eucalipto l o 1,8-cineol, encontrado en 42,43% y 37,15% correspondiente a la extracción con microondas libre de solventes y microondas con asistencia de ultrasonido.
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